Packages
Package	Description
org.apache.lucene.spatial	Lucene spatial search
org.apache.lucene.spatial.bbox	Bounding Box Spatial Strategy
org.apache.lucene.spatial.composite	Composite strategies.
org.apache.lucene.spatial.geopoint.document	Geospatial Field Implementations for Core Lucene
org.apache.lucene.spatial.geopoint.search	Geospatial Query Implementations for Core Lucene
org.apache.lucene.spatial.prefix	Prefix Tree Strategy.
org.apache.lucene.spatial.prefix.tree	This package is about SpatialPrefixTree and any supporting classes.
org.apache.lucene.spatial.query	Spatial Query options useful for client side requests
org.apache.lucene.spatial.serialized	Strategies that serialize the shape (non-indexed).
org.apache.lucene.spatial.spatial4j	Spatial4j stuff that ideally belongs in Spatial4j (isn't related to Lucene).
org.apache.lucene.spatial.util	Various spatial utilities.
org.apache.lucene.spatial.vector	Spatial strategy that uses two fields.

The Spatial Module for Apache Lucene

The spatial module is new to Lucene 4, replacing the old "contrib" module that came before it. The principle interface to the module is a SpatialStrategy which encapsulates an approach to indexing and searching based on shapes. Different Strategies have different features and performance profiles, which are documented at each Strategy implementation class level.

For some sample code showing how to use the API, see SpatialExample.java in the tests.

The spatial module uses Spatial4j heavily. Spatial4j is an ASL licensed library with these capabilities:

Provides shape implementations, namely point, rectangle, and circle. Both geospatial contexts and plain 2D Euclidean/Cartesian contexts are supported. With an additional dependency, it adds polygon and other geometry shape support via integration with JTS Topology Suite. This includes dateline wrap support.
Shape parsing and serialization, including Well-Known Text (WKT) (via JTS).
Distance and other spatial related math calculations.

Historical note: The new spatial module was once known as Lucene Spatial Playground (LSP) as an external project. In ~March 2012, LSP split into this new module as part of Lucene and Spatial4j externally. A large chunk of the LSP implementation originated as SOLR-2155 which uses trie/prefix-tree algorithms with a geohash encoding. That approach is implemented in RecursivePrefixTreeStrategy today.

Lucene 5.5.1 spatial API

The Spatial Module for Apache Lucene