Overview (Lucene 4.6.1 API)

Packages
Package	Description
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.analyzing	QueryParser that passes Fuzzy-, Prefix-, Range-, and WildcardQuerys through the given analyzer.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic	A simple query parser implemented with JavaCC.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.complexPhrase	QueryParser which permits complex phrase query syntax eg "(john jon jonathan~) peters*"
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.ext	Extendable QueryParser provides a simple and flexible extension mechanism by overloading query field names.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core	Core classes of the flexible query parser framework.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.builders	Necessary classes to implement query builders.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.config	Base classes used to configure the query processing.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.messages	Messages usually used by query parser implementations.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.nodes	Query nodes commonly used by query parser implementations.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.parser	Necessary interfaces to implement text parsers.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.processors	Interfaces and implementations used by query node processors
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core.util	Utility classes to used with the Query Parser.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.messages	For Native Language Support (NLS), system of software internationalization.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.precedence	Precedence Query Parser Implementation
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.precedence.processors	Processors used by Precedence Query Parser
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard	Implementation of the Lucene classic query parser using the flexible query parser frameworks
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard.builders	Standard Lucene Query Node Builders.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard.config	Standard Lucene Query Configuration.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard.nodes	Standard Lucene Query Nodes.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard.parser	Lucene Query Parser.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard.processors	Lucene Query Node Processors.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.surround.parser	This package contains the QueryParser.jj source file for the Surround parser.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.surround.query	This package contains SrndQuery and its subclasses.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.xml	Parser that produces Lucene Query objects from XML streams.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.xml.builders	XML Parser factories for different Lucene Query/Filters.

Apache Lucene QueryParsers.

This module provides a number of queryparsers:

Classic
Analyzing
Complex Phrase
Extendable
Flexible
Surround
XML

Classic

A Simple Lucene QueryParser implemented with JavaCC.

Analyzing

QueryParser that passes Fuzzy-, Prefix-, Range-, and WildcardQuerys through the given analyzer.

Complex Phrase

QueryParser which permits complex phrase query syntax eg "(john jon jonathan~) peters*"

Extendable

Extendable QueryParser provides a simple and flexible extension mechanism by overloading query field names.

Flexible

This project contains the new Lucene query parser implementation, which matches the syntax of the core QueryParser but offers a more modular architecture to enable customization.

It's currently divided in 2 main packages:

org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.core: it contains the query parser API classes, which should be extended by query parser implementations.
org.apache.lucene.queryparser.flexible.standard: it contains the current Lucene query parser implementation using the new query parser API.

Features

Full support for boolean logic (not enabled)
QueryNode Trees - support for several syntaxes, that can be converted into similar syntax QueryNode trees.
QueryNode Processors - Optimize, validate, rewrite the QueryNode trees
Processors Pipelines - Select your favorite Processor and build a processor pipeline, to implement the features you need
Config Interfaces - Allow the consumer of the Query Parser to implement a diff Config Handler Objects to suite their needs.
Standard Builders - convert QueryNode's into several lucene representations. Supported conversion is using a 2.4 compatible logic
QueryNode tree's can be converted to a lucene 2.4 syntax string, using toQueryString

Design

This new query parser was designed to have very generic architecture, so that it can be easily used for different products with varying query syntaxes. This code is much more flexible and extensible than the Lucene query parser in 2.4.X.

The new query parser goal is to separate syntax and semantics of a query. E.g. 'a AND b', '+a +b', 'AND(a,b)' could be different syntaxes for the same query. It distinguishes the semantics of the different query components, e.g. whether and how to tokenize/lemmatize/normalize the different terms or which Query objects to create for the terms. It allows to write a parser with a new syntax, while reusing the underlying semantics, as quickly as possible.

The query parser has three layers and its core is what we call the QueryNode tree. It is a tree that initially represents the syntax of the original query, e.g. for 'a AND b':

      AND
     /   \
    A     B

The three layers are:

QueryParser: This layer is the text parsing layer which simply transforms the query text string into a QueryNode tree. Every text parser must implement the interface SyntaxParser. Lucene default implementations implements it using JavaCC.
QueryNodeProcessor: The query node processors do most of the work. It is in fact a configurable chain of processors. Each processors can walk the tree and modify nodes or even the tree's structure. That makes it possible to e.g. do query optimization before the query is executed or to tokenize terms.
QueryBuilder: The third layer is a configurable map of builders, which map QueryNode types to its specific builder that will transform the QueryNode into Lucene Query object.

Furthermore, the query parser uses flexible configuration objects. It also uses message classes that allow to attach resource bundles. This makes it possible to translate messages, which is an important feature of a query parser.

This design allows to develop different query syntaxes very quickly.

StandardQueryParser and QueryParserWrapper

The classic Lucene query parser is located under org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.

To make it simpler to use the new query parser the class StandardQueryParser may be helpful, specially for people that do not want to extend the Query Parser. It uses the default Lucene query processors, text parser and builders, so you don't need to worry about dealing with those. StandardQueryParser usage:

      StandardQueryParser qpHelper = new StandardQueryParser();
      StandardQueryConfigHandler config =  qpHelper.getQueryConfigHandler();
      config.setAllowLeadingWildcard(true);
      config.setAnalyzer(new WhitespaceAnalyzer());
      Query query = qpHelper.parse("apache AND lucene", "defaultField");

Surround

A QueryParser that supports the Span family of queries as well as pre and infix notation.

XML

A QueryParser that produces Lucene Query objects from XML streams.

Lucene 4.6.1 queryparser API