Lucene 3.4.0 API

Apache Lucene is a high-performance, full-featured text search engine library.

See:
Description

Core
org.apache.lucene	Top-level package.
org.apache.lucene.analysis	API and code to convert text into indexable/searchable tokens.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard	The `org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard` package contains three fast grammar-based tokenizers constructed with JFlex:
org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.std31
org.apache.lucene.analysis.tokenattributes
org.apache.lucene.document	The logical representation of a `Document` for indexing and searching.
org.apache.lucene.index	Code to maintain and access indices.
org.apache.lucene.messages	For Native Language Support (NLS), system of software internationalization.
org.apache.lucene.queryParser	A simple query parser implemented with JavaCC.
org.apache.lucene.search	Code to search indices.
org.apache.lucene.search.function	Programmatic control over documents scores.
org.apache.lucene.search.payloads	The payloads package provides Query mechanisms for finding and using payloads.
org.apache.lucene.search.spans	The calculus of spans.
org.apache.lucene.search.suggest
org.apache.lucene.search.suggest.fst
org.apache.lucene.search.suggest.jaspell
org.apache.lucene.search.suggest.tst
org.apache.lucene.store	Binary i/o API, used for all index data.
org.apache.lucene.util	Some utility classes.
org.apache.lucene.util.fst	Finite state transducers

contrib: Analysis
org.apache.lucene.analysis.ar	Analyzer for Arabic.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.bg	Analyzer for Bulgarian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.br	Analyzer for Brazilian Portuguese.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.ca	Analyzer for Catalan.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.cjk	Analyzer for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which indexes bigrams (overlapping groups of two adjacent Han characters).
org.apache.lucene.analysis.cn	Analyzer for Chinese, which indexes unigrams (individual chinese characters).
org.apache.lucene.analysis.cn.smart	Analyzer for Simplified Chinese, which indexes words.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.cn.smart.hhmm	SmartChineseAnalyzer Hidden Markov Model package.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.compound	A filter that decomposes compound words you find in many Germanic languages into the word parts.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.compound.hyphenation	The code for the compound word hyphenation is taken from the Apache FOP project.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.cz	Analyzer for Czech.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.da	Analyzer for Danish.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.de	Analyzer for German.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.el	Analyzer for Greek.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.en	Analyzer for English.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.es	Analyzer for Spanish.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.eu	Analyzer for Basque.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.fa	Analyzer for Persian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.fi	Analyzer for Finnish.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.fr	Analyzer for French.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.gl	Analyzer for Galician.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.hi	Analyzer for Hindi.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.hu	Analyzer for Hungarian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.hy	Analyzer for Armenian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.icu	Analysis components based on ICU
org.apache.lucene.analysis.icu.segmentation	Tokenizer that breaks text into words with the Unicode Text Segmentation algorithm.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.icu.tokenattributes
org.apache.lucene.analysis.id	Analyzer for Indonesian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.in	Analysis components for Indian languages.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.it	Analyzer for Italian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.lv	Analyzer for Latvian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.miscellaneous	Miscellaneous TokenStreams
org.apache.lucene.analysis.ngram	Character n-gram tokenizers and filters.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.nl	Analyzer for Dutch.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.no	Analyzer for Norwegian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.path
org.apache.lucene.analysis.payloads	Provides various convenience classes for creating payloads on Tokens.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.pl	Analyzer for Polish.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.position	Filter for assigning position increments.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.pt	Analyzer for Portuguese.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.query	Automatically filter high-frequency stopwords.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.reverse	Filter to reverse token text.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.ro	Analyzer for Romanian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.ru	Analyzer for Russian.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.shingle	Word n-gram filters
org.apache.lucene.analysis.sinks	Implementations of the SinkTokenizer that might be useful.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.snowball	`TokenFilter` and `Analyzer` implementations that use Snowball stemmers.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.stempel	Stempel: Algorithmic Stemmer
org.apache.lucene.analysis.sv	Analyzer for Swedish.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym	Analysis components for Synonyms.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.th	Analyzer for Thai.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.tr	Analyzer for Turkish.
org.apache.lucene.analysis.util
org.apache.lucene.analysis.wikipedia	Tokenizer that is aware of Wikipedia syntax.
org.egothor.stemmer
org.tartarus.snowball
org.tartarus.snowball.ext

contrib: Benchmark
org.apache.lucene.benchmark	The benchmark contribution contains tools for benchmarking Lucene using standard, freely available corpora.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask	Benchmarking Lucene By Tasks.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask.feeds	Sources for benchmark inputs: documents and queries.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask.feeds.demohtml
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask.programmatic	Sample performance test written programmatically - no algorithm file is needed here.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask.stats	Statistics maintained when running benchmark tasks.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask.tasks	Extendable benchmark tasks.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.byTask.utils	Utilities used for the benchmark, and for the reports.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.quality	Search Quality Benchmarking.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.quality.trec	Utilities for Trec related quality benchmarking, feeding from Trec Topics and QRels inputs.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.quality.utils	Miscellaneous utilities for search quality benchmarking: query parsing, submission reports.
org.apache.lucene.benchmark.utils

contrib: ICU
org.apache.lucene.collation	`CollationKeyFilter` converts each token into its binary `CollationKey` using the provided `Collator`, and then encode the `CollationKey` as a String using `IndexableBinaryStringTools`, to allow it to be stored as an index term.

contrib: Demo
org.apache.lucene.demo

contrib: Grouping
org.apache.lucene.search.grouping	This module enables search result grouping with Lucene, where hits with the same value in the specified single-valued group field are grouped together.

contrib: Highlighter
org.apache.lucene.search.highlight	The highlight package contains classes to provide "keyword in context" features typically used to highlight search terms in the text of results pages.
org.apache.lucene.search.vectorhighlight	This is an another highlighter implementation.

contrib: Instantiated
org.apache.lucene.store.instantiated	InstantiatedIndex, alternative RAM store for small corpora.

contrib: Join
org.apache.lucene.search.join	This module supports index-time joins while searching, where joined documents are indexed as a single document block using `IndexWriter.addDocuments(java.util.Collection)`.

contrib: Memory
org.apache.lucene.index.memory	High-performance single-document main memory Apache Lucene fulltext search index.

contrib: Misc
org.apache.lucene.misc

contrib: Queries
org.apache.lucene.search.regex	Regular expression Query.
org.apache.lucene.search.similar	Document similarity query generators.

contrib: Query Parser
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.analyzing	QueryParser that passes Fuzzy-, Prefix-, Range-, and WildcardQuerys through the given analyzer.
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.complexPhrase	QueryParser which permits complex phrase query syntax eg "(john jon jonathan~) peters*"
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core	Contains the core classes of the flexible query parser framework
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.builders	Contains the necessary classes to implement query builders
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.config	Contains the base classes used to configure the query processing
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.messages	Contains messages usually used by query parser implementations
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.nodes	Contains query nodes that are commonly used by query parser implementations
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.parser	Contains the necessary interfaces to implement text parsers
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.processors	Interfaces and implementations used by query node processors
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.core.util	Utility classes to used with the Query Parser
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.ext	Extendable QueryParser provides a simple and flexible extension mechanism by overloading query field names.
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.precedence	This package contains the Precedence Query Parser Implementation
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.precedence.processors	This package contains the processors used by Precedence Query Parser
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.standard	Contains the implementation of the Lucene query parser using the flexible query parser frameworks
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.standard.builders	Standard Lucene Query Node Builders
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.standard.config	Standard Lucene Query Configuration
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.standard.nodes	Standard Lucene Query Nodes
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.standard.parser	Lucene Query Parser
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.standard.processors	Lucene Query Node Processors
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.surround.parser	This package contains the QueryParser.jj source file for the Surround parser.
org.apache.lucene.queryParser.surround.query	This package contains SrndQuery and its subclasses.

contrib: Spatial
org.apache.lucene.spatial
org.apache.lucene.spatial.geohash	Support for Geohash encoding, decoding, and filtering.
org.apache.lucene.spatial.geometry
org.apache.lucene.spatial.geometry.shape
org.apache.lucene.spatial.tier	Support for filtering based upon geographic location.
org.apache.lucene.spatial.tier.projections

contrib: SpellChecker
org.apache.lucene.search.spell	Suggest alternate spellings for words.

contrib: XML Query Parser
org.apache.lucene.xmlparser	Parser that produces Lucene Query objects from XML streams.
org.apache.lucene.xmlparser.builders

Apache Lucene is a high-performance, full-featured text search engine library. Here's a simple example how to use Lucene for indexing and searching (using JUnit to check if the results are what we expect):

    Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_CURRENT);

    // Store the index in memory:
    Directory directory = new RAMDirectory();
    // To store an index on disk, use this instead:
    //Directory directory = FSDirectory.open("/tmp/testindex");
    IndexWriter iwriter = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, true,
                                          new IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength(25000));
    Document doc = new Document();
    String text = "This is the text to be indexed.";
    doc.add(new Field("fieldname", text, Field.Store.YES,
        Field.Index.ANALYZED));
    iwriter.addDocument(doc);
    iwriter.close();
    
    // Now search the index:
    IndexSearcher isearcher = new IndexSearcher(directory, true); // read-only=true
    // Parse a simple query that searches for "text":
    QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("fieldname", analyzer);
    Query query = parser.parse("text");
    ScoreDoc[] hits = isearcher.search(query, null, 1000).scoreDocs;
    assertEquals(1, hits.length);
    // Iterate through the results:
    for (int i = 0; i < hits.length; i++) {
      Document hitDoc = isearcher.doc(hits[i].doc);
      assertEquals("This is the text to be indexed.", hitDoc.get("fieldname"));
    }
    isearcher.close();
    directory.close();

The Lucene API is divided into several packages:

org.apache.lucene.analysis defines an abstract Analyzer API for converting text from a java.io.Reader into a TokenStream, an enumeration of token Attributes. A TokenStream can be composed by applying TokenFilters to the output of a Tokenizer. Tokenizers and TokenFilters are strung together and applied with an Analyzer. A handful of Analyzer implementations are provided, including StopAnalyzer and the grammar-based StandardAnalyzer.
org.apache.lucene.document provides a simple Document class. A Document is simply a set of named Fields, whose values may be strings or instances of java.io.Reader.
org.apache.lucene.index provides two primary classes: IndexWriter, which creates and adds documents to indices; and IndexReader, which accesses the data in the index.
org.apache.lucene.search provides data structures to represent queries (ie TermQuery for individual words, PhraseQuery for phrases, and BooleanQuery for boolean combinations of queries) and the abstract Searcher which turns queries into TopDocs. IndexSearcher implements search over a single IndexReader.
org.apache.lucene.queryParser uses JavaCC to implement a QueryParser.
org.apache.lucene.store defines an abstract class for storing persistent data, the Directory, which is a collection of named files written by an IndexOutput and read by an IndexInput. Multiple implementations are provided, including FSDirectory, which uses a file system directory to store files, and RAMDirectory which implements files as memory-resident data structures.
org.apache.lucene.util contains a few handy data structures and util classes, ie BitVector and PriorityQueue.

To use Lucene, an application should:

Create Documents by adding Fields;
Create an IndexWriter and add documents to it with addDocument();
Call QueryParser.parse() to build a query from a string; and
Create an IndexSearcher and pass the query to its search() method.

Some simple examples of code which does this are:

IndexFiles.java creates an index for all the files contained in a directory.
SearchFiles.java prompts for queries and searches an index.

To demonstrate these, try something like:

> java -cp lucene.jar:lucene-demo.jar:lucene-analyzers-common.jar org.apache.lucene.demo.IndexFiles rec.food.recipes/soups
adding rec.food.recipes/soups/abalone-chowder
[ ... ]
> java -cp lucene.jar:lucene-demo.jar:lucene-analyzers-common.jar org.apache.lucene.demo.SearchFiles
Query: chowder
Searching for: chowder
34 total matching documents
1. rec.food.recipes/soups/spam-chowder
[ ... thirty-four documents contain the word "chowder" ... ]
Query: "clam chowder" AND Manhattan
Searching for: +"clam chowder" +manhattan
2 total matching documents
1. rec.food.recipes/soups/clam-chowder
[ ... two documents contain the phrase "clam chowder" and the word "manhattan" ... ]
[ Note: "+" and "-" are canonical, but "AND", "OR" and "NOT" may be used. ]

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